Txawm hais tias siv cov cuab yeej siv, cov qauv tsim ntawm lub inverter yog qhov tseeb thiab zoo sib xws. Cov tub ntxhais yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov DC voltage (solar cell modules) rau hauv AC voltage (daim phiaj txuas). Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv, cov ncej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm DC hluav taws xob tau hloov mus tas li rau daim ntawv hloov tam sim no nrog cov kev hloov pauv. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter yog tus choj hloov (lub zog ntaus ntawv), raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1 (a). Ib sab ntawm tus choj hloov no yog txuas nrog lub tswv yim DC fais fab mov, thiab sab nraud txuas nrog AC fais fab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tsuas yog ob qhov kev tawm tsam tsis sib haum tuaj yeem raug tua ib txhij.
Yog hais tias qhov kev sib hloov ceev ntawm tus choj no tau teeb tsa kom zoo ib yam li daim phiaj sib tw, qhov kev xav ntawm qhov chaw tawm ntawm tus choj tuaj yeem txuas rau daim phiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li cov zis tam sim no yog ib lub voj voog square uas tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev siv zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub inductor nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov zis los tswj cov zis tam sim no rau hauv sine yoj duab. Qhov kev sib txuas ntawm tus choj yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem mem tes, ua rau cov khoom me me tam sim no cuam tshuam nrog cov mem tes. Cov khoom siv tam sim no tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tam sim no ntawm inductor. Qhov zaus ntawm cov mem tes feem ntau yog 20kHz, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav 50Hz tam sim no, raws li pom hauv daim duab 1 (b).
Rau photovoltaic inverters, muaj lwm yam khoom siv tseem ceeb heev uas tsis tuaj yeem saib tsis tau: lub capacitor ntawm qhov kawg input, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1 (c). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov capacitors yog khaws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, xyuas kom meej tias tam sim no los ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob yog txuas mus ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau tus choj hloov, thiab nkag mus rau hauv kab sib chaws los ntawm tus choj uas hloov synchronously nrog cov kab sib chaws zaus. Tsuas yog thaum lub peev xwm ntawm cov input capacitor loj txaus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tas li thiab ib txwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tau lav.
Hauv kev siv tswv yim, qhov ntau ntawm input voltage muaj qee yam kev txwv. Rau daim phiaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum ib txwm siab dua qhov siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm daim phiaj. Thaum tus nqi zoo ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob yog 250V, txhawm rau ua tiav daim phiaj sib txuas, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob yuav tsum yog 354V.
Tsis zoo li cov qauv tsim ntawm tus qauv inverters, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho lossis ua kom cov input voltage ntau rau cov kab hluav taws xob ncaj qha txuas nrog inverter. Feem ntau siv inverter technology daws teeb meem thiab cov qauv yog txhua yam sib txawv. Cov qauv topology ntawm lub inverter tau hais los saum toj no tsis tsuas yog sib txawv hauv kev sib cais hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj tseem ua tiav kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev cia siab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke los txheeb xyuas qhov twg inverter tsim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm inverter siv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab hauv kev tsim.
Lwm qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsim cov photovoltaic inverters yog kom nthuav cov input voltage ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm cov tswv yim tam sim no ntawm tib lub zog hluav taws xob lossis nce qib zog ntawm tib lub tswv yim tam sim no. Thaum lub input voltage kuj yog siab, IGBT nrog ib tug ntau dua rated voltage (nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam ntawm 1200V) yuav tsum tau siv, ua rau poob ntau dua. Ib txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem no yog siv peb theem inverter
Los ntawm kev siv ob series txuas nrog electrolytic capacitors, lub siab input voltage tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib nrab, thiab qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov kab nruab nrab. Hauv qhov no, 600V hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv tau. Peb theem inverter tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm peb theem: + Vbus, 0V, thiab - Vbus. Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau zoo dua li 1200V hloov qauv kev daws teeb meem, peb theem inverter kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txo qis cov zis inductance. Peb theem inverter muaj ob yam tseem ceeb:
① Cov zis hluav taws xob sine waveform ua ke los ntawm ntau qib theem txo qis cov ntsiab lus sib haum xeeb thiab txhim kho cov zis voltage waveform piv rau cov tsoos ob theem inverters nyob rau hauv tib lub zaus hloov zaus;
② Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub raj hloov hluav taws xob tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsheb npav DC, tso cai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob siv rau hauv high-voltage converters.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo ntawm peb theem inverters yog cov tswv yim tswj kev nyuaj thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab voltage, uas yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm peb theem inverters. Pom tseeb, yog tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm ob lub capacitors txuas rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm DC lub tsheb npav ntawm lub inverter tsis ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov zis peb-theem voltage, uas tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam cov zis voltage waveform thiab nce kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis kuj. ua rau peb-theem tso zis tam sim no asymmetric, poob qhov zoo ntawm peb-theem inverter. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab voltage. Ib txoj kev sawv cev yog siv cov cuab yeej kho vajtse txhim kho kom ua tiav qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws xob sib npaug; Qhov thib ob yog kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov lub sijhawm ntawm cov keyboards lossis tswj lub sijhawm ntawm vector voltage. Tab sis muaj teeb meem nrog complex circuits thiab kev tswj tsis zoo.
Tam sim no, tsuav yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsim tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau nyiaj txiag. Transformer free inverters uas ncaj qha mus rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob tau nce ntxiv rau lawv cov nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Transformers hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog sib nqus, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov lub zog sib nqus mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Lub zog poob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cais nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1%, lossis txawm tias mus txog 2%. Yog li ntawd, kev khiav hauj lwm efficiency ntawm transformerless inverters yog siab dua li ntawm transformer inverters, thiab cov tshuab no muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li cov khoom siv tsawg thiab lub teeb yuag.