1 Polycrystalline silicon yog dab tsi?
Polycrystalline Silicon (Poly Si lossis Polysilicon) yog cov khoom siv semiconductor feem ntau siv los tsim cov cell photovoltaic thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov nplej (cov khoom siv lead ua) uas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ciam teb, tab sis qhov kev npaj atomic hauv txhua cov nplej raug txiav txim. Polycrystalline silicon yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov hnub ci photovoltaic hlwb. Nyob rau hauv photovoltaic modules, polycrystalline silicon cell txuas nrog nyob rau hauv series thiab parallel rau tsim hnub ci panels. Cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag no yog siv los hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem siv los tsim cov khoom siv rooj vag rau qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li transistors thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm polycrystalline silicon:
Polycrystalline qauv:Polycrystalline silicon yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam nplej, nrog rau cov atoms txheej txheem nyob rau hauv txhua lub lis piam, tab sis atoms teem randomly nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm cov nplej. Cov nplej no muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab kev taw qhia.
Tus nqi qis:Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm polycrystalline silicon yog qhov yooj yim thiab raug nqi, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj. Qhov no muab polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic hlwb ua tus nqi kom zoo dua hauv khw.
Tsawg efficiency:Vim tias muaj cov ciam teb ntawm cov qoob loo, qhov kev hloov pauv photoelectric ntawm polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic hlwb feem ntau qis dua li ntawm monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic hlwb. Kev tsis xws ntawm cov ciam teb tuaj yeem ua rau cov cab kuj rov ua dua, yog li txo cov roj teeb ua haujlwm.
Polycrystalline silicon ntau lawm txheej txheem:
Raw khoom purification:Kev tsim khoom ntawm polycrystalline silicon feem ntau pib nrog metallurgical qib silicon (MG Si), uas yog thawj zaug yuav tsum tau purified kom tshem tawm impurities ntawm silicon thiab tsim high-purity silicon raw cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj kev siv feem ntau yog Siemens txheej txheem, uas tau txais high-purity polycrystalline silicon los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD).
Kev txo qis:Metallurgical qib silicon reacts nrog hydrogen chloride los tsim trichlorosilane (HSiCl₃), uas yog ces purified los ntawm distillation. Thaum kawg, trichlorosilane txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim cov purity polycrystalline silicon.
Reaction txheej txheem:Metallurgical qib silicon reacts nrog hydrogen chloride (HCl) los tsim trichlorosilane (HSiCl₃) thiab lwm yam by-products. Si+3HCL→HSiCl₃+H₂
Ingot:High purity polycrystalline silicon yog yaj thiab cam khwb cia rau hauv loj chunks ntawm polycrystalline silicon ingots. Tom qab txias, cov ingots no yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam silicon nplej nrog txawv orientations.
Slicing:Polycrystalline silicon ingots raug txiav mus rau hauv nyias slices los ntawm ib tug slicer, uas yog hu ua wafers thiab siv los tsim photovoltaic hlwb.
Tshawb nrhiav thiab muab qhab nia ntawm polycrystalline silicon wafers
Optical soj ntsuam:Siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag los tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo thiab cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm polycrystalline silicon wafers.
Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ua haujlwm:Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm polycrystalline silicon wafers, xws li cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg lub neej, conductivity, thiab lwm yam.
Kev muab qhab nia zoo:Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, polycrystalline silicon wafers tau muab qhab nia raws li kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv zoo silicon wafers siv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic cell.
2 Dab tsi yog monocrystalline silicon
Monocrystalline silicon yog cov khoom siv siab purity silicon tsim los ntawm ib qho qauv siv lead ua. Lub atomic kev npaj ntawm ib leeg siv lead ua silicon yog kev coj ua, cov qauv siv lead ua tiav, thiab nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab lub zog txhua yam. Monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic hlwb tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov hluav taws xob photovoltaic zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, nrog rau kev hloov pauv photoelectric siab thiab tsim nyog rau ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke (ICs), microprocessors, nco, sensors, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv siab dawb huv monocrystalline silicon wafers (wafers) raug txiav, doped, etched, thiab ntim khoom los tsim. ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab chips. Monocrystalline silicon kuj tseem siv los tsim cov lo ntsiab muag kho qhov muag, qhov rais infrared, cov khoom siv laser, thiab lwm yam.
Txheej txheem ntau lawm:
1. Raw khoom npaj:Cov khoom siv raw rau monocrystalline silicon yog high-purity silicon, feem ntau yog siv purified metallurgical qib silicon.
2. Txoj kev tsim khoom:
Txoj kev Czochralski (CZ method):
Kauj ruam:Melt high-purity silicon nyob rau hauv lub crucible, ntxig ib lub pob zeb siv lead ua silicon noob siv lead ua nrog rau qhov xav tau siv lead ua, ces maj mam tig thiab rub cov noob siv lead ua kom cov silicon yaj kom crystallize ntawm cov noob siv lead ua, maj mam tsim ib qho siv lead ua silicon pas nrig.
Yam ntxwv:CZ txoj kev tuaj yeem tsim qhov loj-inch thiab siab-purity monocrystalline silicon rods, tab sis nws yog nquag qhia cov pa oxygen thiab lwm yam impurities.
Floating Zone (FZ):
Kauj ruam:Siv cov cua kub zaus induction kom yaj ib cheeb tsam ntawm silicon pas nrig tsis muaj crucible, thiab ces txav lub melting cheeb tsam ntawm silicon pas nrig los ntawm tsiv induction kauj, maj mam transforming polycrystalline silicon rau hauv monocrystalline silicon.
Nta:Ib leeg siv lead ua silicon uas ua los ntawm FZ txoj kev muaj ntau dua purity thiab qis impurity cov ntsiab lus, ua rau nws haum rau manufacturing high-kev ua tau zoo semiconductor li.
3. Txiav thiab ua haujlwm
Txiav:Siv lub pob zeb diamond hlau pom los txiav ib leeg siv lead ua silicon pas nrig rau hauv nyias slices, hu ua wafers.
Sib tsoo thiab polishing:Sib tsoo thiab polishing qhov txiav silicon wafer kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab txhim kho nws cov flatness thiab huv.
3 Qhov sib txawv ntawm monocrystalline silicon thiab polycrystalline silicon
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm monocrystalline silicon thiab polycrystalline silicon nyob hauv lawv cov qauv, cov khoom, thiab kev siv. Monocrystalline silicon yog tsim los ntawm ib qho qauv siv lead ua, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab atomic thiab siab photoelectric conversion efficiency (18% -24%). Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm siab photovoltaic hlwb thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor, tab sis cov nqi tsim khoom kuj yog siab heev. Polycrystalline silicon yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam nplej nrog cov ciam teb, uas ua rau tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv photoelectric efficiency (15% -20%) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov ntawv loj loj photovoltaic nrog cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Monocrystalline silicon muaj qhov sib xws thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thaum polycrystalline silicon muaj qhov tsis sib xws.