8 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm BMS
1. Kev sau cov ntaub ntawv
BMS sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov roj teeb lub hlwb los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev xws li voltage sensors, tam sim no sensors, thiab kub sensors. Sensors saib xyuas qhov voltage, tam sim no, thiab kub ntawm txhua lub roj teeb ntawm tes kom ntseeg tau tias lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
2. Xeev kwv yees
SOC (State of Charge): BMS siv qee qhov algorithms (xws li Coulomb suav, qhib qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lossis fusion algorithm, thiab lwm yam) los kwv yees lub xeev them ntawm lub roj teeb thiab txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj teeb tam sim no.
SOH (Lub Xeev Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv): Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb (xws li lub peev xwm, kev tiv thaiv sab hauv, thiab lwm yam), ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab txiav txim siab seb nws puas xav tau kev saib xyuas lossis hloov.
3. Kev tswj kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm
Kev tswj kev them nqi: Thaum lub sij hawm them nqi, BMS kho qhov kev them nqi tam sim no thiab cov tswv yim them nqi raws li SOC thiab SOH cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub roj teeb kom tsis txhob overcharge thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub roj teeb raug them raws li qhov kev nyab xeeb them nyiaj.
Kev tswj kev tso tawm: Thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, BMS saib xyuas lub roj teeb hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tshaj tawm (piv txwv li lub roj teeb hluav taws xob qis dua qhov kev nyab xeeb).
4. Kev tswj kom sib npaug
Xyuas kom meej tias qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub peev xwm ntawm txhua chav nyob hauv lub pob roj teeb zoo ib yam, thiab BMS yuav siv kev tswj hwm kev sib npaug:
Passive ntsuas: Siv lub zog ntau dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab los ntawm cov resistors.
Active ntsuas: xa hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm ib chav mus rau lwm qhov kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas tau zoo dua.
5. Kev tiv thaiv mechanism
Kev tiv thaiv overcharge: Saib xyuas lub roj teeb hluav taws xob kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis tshaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau teev tseg thaum them nyiaj.
Kev tiv thaiv overdischarge: pom lub roj teeb hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob poob qis dua qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
Kev tiv thaiv luv luv thiab overcurrent: Thaum kuaj pom qhov luv luv lossis qhov txawv txav, lub zog hluav taws xob raug txiav tawm sai sai los tiv thaiv lub roj teeb thiab cov khoom siv.
Kev tiv thaiv kub dhau: Saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias thiab cia li tso tseg cov txheej txheem them thiab tshem tawm thaum qhov kub siab tshaj qhov teeb tsa.
6. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab kev sib txuas lus
BMS yuav sau thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov khoom siv sab nraud (xws li chargers, saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm kev sib txuas lus sib txuas (xws li CAN, RS485, thiab lwm yam) kom ua tiav lub sijhawm saib xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv. tsom xam.
7. Tus neeg siv interface
BMS feem ntau yog nruab nrog tus neeg siv interface uas muab cov duab pom ntawm cov teeb meem roj teeb, them thiab tshem tawm keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg siv los saib xyuas thiab tswj.
8. Txawj ntse optimization
Advanced BMS kuj tseem siv cov thev naus laus zis xws li kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kawm tshuab kom ua kom zoo dua qub thiab tshem tawm cov tswv yim, txhim kho roj teeb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua neej nyob.
9 BMS peb-theem architecture
1. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim ( txheej txheej hardware): Roj teeb Cell Saib Xyuas Chav (BCMUs) lossis Cov Tub Txib:
Sensors: suav nrog voltage sensors, tam sim no sensors, thiab kub sensors, lub luag hauj lwm rau real-time xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm ib tug neeg lub roj teeb.
Control unit: feem ntau yog microcontroller (MCU) lossis digital signal processor (DSP), siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv sensor thiab ua haujlwm saib xyuas thiab tswj.
Sib npaug Circuit Court: passive lossis active ntsuas Circuit Court siv los xyuas kom meej lub zog sib xws ntawm cov roj teeb hlwb.
Kev tiv thaiv Circuit Court: suav nrog overcharge, overdischarge, luv Circuit Court, thiab tiv thaiv kub dhau los xyuas kom meej tias lub roj teeb ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb.
Kev sib txuas lus interface: ib qho kev sib txuas siv rau kev sib txuas lus nrog cov khoom siv sab nraud xws li chargers, inverters, thiab kev saib xyuas, xws li CAN, RS485, UART, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cov txheej txheem nruab nrab (tswj txheej) Master Unit lossis Battery Pack Management Unit (BPMU):
Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv: Lub luag haujlwm rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sensor los ntawm txheej txheej, suav nrog SOC (State of Charge) thiab SOH (State of Health) suav.
Kev tswj kev sib npaug: dynamically siv cov tswv yim sib npaug raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov roj teeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog sib npaug ntawm txhua lub roj teeb ntawm tes.
Kev tswj kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm: Tswj cov txheej txheem them nqi thiab kev tso tawm kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb hauv kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm.
Kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb: Kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm lub roj teeb, cov lus teb raws sijhawm rau cov xwm txheej txawv txav xws li overcharging, overdischarging, luv circuits, thiab lwm yam.
Tom qab sau cov ntaub ntawv, nws sib txuas lus nrog qib peb los ntawm kev sib txuas lus, feem ntau siv CAN lossis Ethernet txoj kev sib txuas lus.
3. Upper txheej daim ntawv thov txheej (neeg siv txheej) system tswj chav tsev (System Management Unit) los yog central tswj chav tsev (CCU):
User Interface: Muab cov neeg siv-phooj ywg interface uas qhia cov xwm txheej, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug ntawm lub roj teeb pob rau cov neeg siv saib xyuas thiab ua haujlwm.
Cov ntaub ntawv kaw thiab tsom xam: Sau cov ntaub ntawv siv roj teeb, ua cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam, muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm roj teeb thiab cov lus qhia txog kev saib xyuas.
Kev saib xyuas thiab tswj chaw taws teeb: Network interfaces ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas cov chaw taws teeb, tso cai rau cov neeg siv los tswj thiab tswj cov roj teeb ntawm ntau qhov chaw.
10 BMS technology hom
1. Distributed BMS: Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua lub roj teeb hauv lub roj teeb ntawm tes, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub ntsiab tswj los ntawm kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Cov yam ntxwv yog tias txhua lub roj teeb ntawm tes muaj kev ywj pheej saib xyuas thiab tswj qhov system, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv. Qhov no ua rau lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj txawm tias thaum muaj lub roj teeb ntawm tes tsis ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm lub kaw lus tsis cuam tshuam thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev ntseeg tau.
2. Centralized BMS: Kev saib xyuas thiab tswj tag nrho cov roj teeb lub hlwb yog centralized nyob rau hauv lub main controller, thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus rau lub main controller los ntawm kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Qhov kom zoo dua yog tus nqi qis, tab sis qhov kev ntseeg siab yog qhov tsawg vim tias yog tias lub ntsiab tswj tsis ua haujlwm, nws yuav ua rau tag nrho lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
3. Modular BMS: Faib lub roj teeb ntawm tes rau hauv ob peb lub modules, txhua tus muaj kev ywj pheej saib xyuas thiab tswj qhov system, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub ntsiab tswj los ntawm kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv. Modular BMS ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ntseeg siab, haum rau lub zog cia ntawm cov nplai sib txawv.
Txhua hom BMS muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau. Distributed BMS yog haum rau loj-scale cia lub zog vim nws muaj kev ntseeg siab, yooj yim ntawm kev txij nkawm thiab txhim kho, thiab yooj yim dua; Centralized BMS yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me vim nws tus nqi qis; Modular BMS muab kev xaiv sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ntseeg siab. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, yav tom ntej BMS thev naus laus zis yuav tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev saib xyuas thiab tswj lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tsim qauv thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas lus txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub zog cia.