Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog cia inverters tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm lub zog cia khoom, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv xa mus, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm tib neeg-tshuab sib cuam tshuam hauv tag nrho lub zog cia. , ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb.
Inverter yog lub plawv ntawm lub zog cia. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog cia inverter yog hloov DC rau hauv AC lub zog uas xav tau rau lub neej txhua hnub, thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua tiav txoj haujlwm no yog lub zog semiconductors (xws li IGBT thiab MOSFET).
Cov hluav taws xob semiconductors tuaj yeem hloov ntau txhiab lossis ntau txhiab zaus hauv ib ob, thiab tom qab ntawd tswj cov kev hloov pauv hauv Circuit Court los ntawm cov teeb liab los hloov tam sim no ncaj qha mus rau hauv sinusoidal alternating tam sim no.
Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov tuam txhab paub zoo inverter xws li Sunac Power, Gudewei, thiab Jinlang Technology, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav nrog 23% ntawm tus nqi, IGBT thiab MOS account rau 20% ntawm tus nqi, cov khoom sib nqus account rau 17% ntawm tus nqi. , thiab chip integrated circuits account rau 10% ntawm tus nqi. Ntawm lawv, IGBT, nti integrated circuits, capacitors, sensors, PCB boards thiab lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv inverters yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub hwj chim electronics.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob suav nrog 46% ntawm tus nqi ntawm inverter thiab yog cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor siv nyob rau hauv lub zog cia inverters suav nrog IGBT, MOS transistor, MCU, lub zog tswj nti, capacitor, PCB board, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, IGBT, MOS transistor, thiab kev tswj fais fab IC muaj feem ntau. thiab ntau ntau hauv lub zog cia inverters, thiab yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tias nrog kev txhim kho lub zog cia kev vam meej, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv semiconductor hauv inverters yuav raug tsav, uas yog lub sijhawm zoo rau cov tuam txhab khoom siv semiconductor los teeb tsa lub zog cia kev lag luam yav tom ntej.
1. IGBT
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm IGBT hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog cia yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, zaus hloov pauv, hloov pauv tam sim no, thiab lwm yam.
IGBT yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke uas tau tsav lub zog hluav taws xob semiconductor uas tsim los ntawm BJT (Bipolar Transistor) thiab MOS (Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor), uas sib txuas qhov zoo ntawm MOSFET lub siab input impedance thiab GTR qhov qis conduction voltage poob. IGBT yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab kev sib kis, feem ntau hu ua "CPU" ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
IGBT kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes
Vim lub siab tsim thiab txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ntawm IGBT, raws li zoo raws li tsis muaj IGBT hais txog kev txawj ntse, tsis muaj zog txheej txheem foundation, thiab lig pib ntawm kev lag luam industrialization nyob rau hauv Suav teb, lub lag luam IGBT tau ntev lawm monopolized los ntawm loj txawv teb chaws multinational qhauj.
Txij li xyoo 2015, Tuam Tshoj tus IGBT tus kheej txaus tus nqi tau tshaj 10% thiab maj mam nce. Nws cia siab tias Tuam Tshoj tus IGBT tus kheej txaus tus nqi yuav ncav cuag 40% los ntawm 2024. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm domestication ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tau npaj nyob rau hauv cov kev cai hauv teb chaws, kev hloov pauv hauv tsev tau dhau los ua qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam IGBT hauv tsev.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam hauv IGBT feem ntau yog cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws xws li Infineon, Mitsubishi Electric, thiab Fuji Electric. Peb lub tuam txhab saum toj kawg nkaus hauv Suav IGBT kev lag luam sib koom yog Infineon, Mitsubishi Electric, thiab Fuji Electric. Ntawm lawv, Infineon muaj feem ntau tshaj plaws ntawm 15.9%.
2. MOS transistor
MOSFET yog ib hom FET nrog lub rooj vag insulated, qhov twg qhov voltage txiav txim qhov conductivity ntawm lub cuab yeej. Kev tsim kho ntawm MOSFETs yog txhawm rau kov yeej qhov tsis zoo ntawm FETs, xws li cov dej ntws tawm siab, nruab nrab input impedance, thiab ua haujlwm qeeb. Yog li MOSFETs tuaj yeem raug hu ua daim ntawv qib siab ntawm FET.
MOSFETs feem ntau yog siv rau kev hloov lossis ua kom lub suab nrov. Lub peev xwm los hloov cov conductivity nrog cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv los ua kom nrov lossis hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob.
MOSFETs yog cov transistors ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv digital circuits rau hnub tim, raws li lub cim xeeb chips los yog microprocessors yuav muaj ntau pua los yog lab ntawm transistors.
Vim lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau los ntawm p-hom lossis n-hom semiconductors, complementary MOS transistors tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob tsawg heev hauv daim ntawv CMOS logic.
Hauv digital thiab analog circuits, MOSFETs yog tam sim no ntau dua li BJTs.
3. Fais fab tswj nti
Lub hwj chim tswj nti yog ib nti hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov dua siab tshiab, kev faib tawm, kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab lwm yam kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov amplitude ntawm CPU fais fab mov, tsim cov torque luv luv, thiab tsav lub zog tso tawm ntawm lub voj voog tom ntej.
Qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tswj chips yog dual hauv-kab chips, thaum lwm tus yog cov pob khoom ntog. Ntawm lawv, HIP630x series nti yog ib qho kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob zoo tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim chip paub zoo Intersil.
Nws txhawb ob / peb / plaub theem fais fab mov, txhawb VRM9.0 specification, voltage tso zis ntau yam yog 1.1V-1.85V, tuaj yeem kho cov zis rau lub sijhawm ntawm 0.025V, hloov zaus mus txog 80KHz, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog loj, me me ripple, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv sab hauv. Nws tuaj yeem kho qhov tseeb ntawm CPU fais fab mov voltage.
Cov kev tswj fais fab feem ntau suav nrog HIP6301, IS6537, RT9237, ADP3168, KA7500, TL494, thiab lwm yam.
Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob, tab sis cov tshuab sib txawv muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv txoj kev tswj fais fab zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub Scope ntawm kev tswj fais fab yog qhov dav heev, suav nrog ob tus tib neeg lub zog hloov pauv (tsuas yog DC rau DC, piv txwv li DC / DC), tus neeg siv hluav taws xob faib thiab tshawb pom, nrog rau cov tshuab uas sib xyaw ua ke lub zog hloov pauv thiab kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob.
Raws li txoj cai, kev faib tawm ntawm cov hluav taws xob tswj cov chips kuj suav nrog cov khoom no, xws li linear power chips, voltage reference chips, switch power chips, LCD driver chips, LED driver chips, voltage detection chips, battery charging control chips, etc.
4. PCB pawg thawj coj saib
Printed circuit board, abbreviated li PCB, tseem hu ua luam Circuit Court board, printed circuit board, printed circuit board.
Cov qauv conductive tsim los ntawm kev luam ntawv circuits, cov khoom luam tawm, lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm insulating substrate raws li tus qauv tsim ua ntej yog feem ntau hu ua lub tshuab luam ntawv, thaum cov qauv conductive uas muab hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib qho insulating substrate yog hu ua luam tawm. Circuit Court.
Segmented khoom qauv
Tam sim no, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Suav teb feem ntau suav nrog rau 6 hom: multilayer boards, flexible boards, HDI (high-density interconnect boards), double-sided boards, single panels, and packaging substrates.
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias ntau txheej boards account rau qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm segmented luam Circuit Court board khoom nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, mus txog 45.97%, deb tshaj lwm yam khoom; Tom ntej no yog lub rooj tsavxwm mos, suav txog 16.68%; Kev faib ua feem ntawm HDI yog 16.59%. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm ob sab vaj huam sib luag, ib lub vaj huam sib luag, thiab ntim cov khoom ntim yog 11.34%, 6.13%, thiab 3.29%, feem.
5. MCU
MCU nti hais txog lub microcontroller unit (MCU), tseem hu ua ib-chip microcomputer lossis microcontroller. Nws txo qhov zaus thiab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hauv paus ua haujlwm kom tsim nyog, thiab sib koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv peripheral xws li nco, txee, USB, A / D hloov dua siab tshiab, UART, PLC, DMA, thiab txawm tias LCD tsav Circuit Court ntawm ib nti los tsim ib qib nti. khoos phis tawj, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tswj hwm rau cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, MCU nti yog microcontroller nti.
Hais txog MCU cov neeg muag khoom, ntau lub tuam txhab inverter yuav siv TI's C2000 series MCUs. Tam sim no, nrog kev nce ntawm micro inverters, qee lub tuam txhab tseem tab tom pib siv Arm core 32- ntsis MCUs rau kev tswj hwm loj.
Yog li ntawd, cov neeg xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm MCU suav nrog cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws xws li TI, NXP, ST, Microchip, Infineon, Renesas, nrog rau cov tuam txhab hauv tsev xws li Zhaoyi Innovation.
6. Sensors
Nyob rau hauv lub zog cia inverters, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas qhov tam sim no thiab xaiv cov sensors tam sim no tsim nyog. Peb tuaj yeem faib kev tshawb pom tam sim no rau hauv ntau qhov ntau.
1) Tshawb xyuas DC lossis AC tam sim no ntawm 5A txog 70A.
Chip raws li Hall tam sim no sensors, xws li CH701 tam sim no sensor IC, feem ntau yog siv los ntes DC lossis AC tam sim no txij li 5A txog 50A. Lawv yog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau AC lossis DC tam sim no hauv kev lag luam, tsheb, kev lag luam, thiab kev sib txuas lus. Cov ntim me me yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov chaw txwv tsis pub siv, thaum tseem txuag cov nqi los ntawm kev txo cov cheeb tsam hauv Circuit Court. Cov ntawv thov muaj xws li kev tswj lub cev muaj zog, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tswj xyuas, hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev tiv thaiv overcurrent txhaum.
2) Tshawb xyuas DC lossis AC tam sim no ntawm 50A txog 200A.
Direct insertion type tam sim no sensors tuaj yeem xaiv
CH704 yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tam sim no sensing nti tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov kev tshawb pom siab tam sim no. CH704 muaj ib tug built-in thawj conductor resistor ntawm 0.1 m Ω, zoo txo nti cua sov thiab txhawb siab tam sim no nrhiav tau: ± 50A, ± 100A, ± 150A, ± 200A. Nws koom ua ke ib qho tshwj xeeb kub them nqi hluav taws xob sab hauv kom ua tiav qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov nti hauv qhov ntsuas kub tag nrho ntawm -40 txog 150 degrees. Cov nti tau raug ntsuas rau rhiab heev thiab zoo li qub (zero tam sim no) tso zis hluav taws xob ua ntej tawm hauv lub Hoobkas, muab qhov raug raug ntawm ± 2% dhau ntawm tag nrho qhov kub thiab txias.
3) Tshawb xyuas DC lossis AC tam sim no siab dua 200A txog 1000A.
Linear Hall thiab magnetic nplhaib tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab programmable Hall sensors tuaj yeem siv los ua kom pom tam sim no txog 1500A.
Piv txwv li, CHI612 programmable linear Hall nti txhawb 5V ib lub zog mov. 120 kHz bandwidth,<3us response time, programmable 0.8-24 mV/G, 2% accuracy can be achieved within the full temperature range of -40 to 150 degrees. The chip completes the calibration of static (zero current) output voltage before leaving the factory.